Uterine fibroids are common and affect many women. They can occur at different stages of life and although they are usually benign tumours, there is a possibility that they can cause disturbing or painful symptoms, as well as fertility problems.
What are uterine fibroids?;
Uterine fibroids are benign tumours that grow under the uterine lining, within the muscle wall of the uterus (intramural) or in the intrauterine cavity (submucosal). They consist of fibrous tissue similar to normal uterine tissue. They usually grow along the wall of the uterus, but may also protrude into the uterine cavity or grow outside it. The majority of women with fibroids do not know they have them as they are usually asymptomatic.
Risk factors and symptoms
Uterine fibroids usually occur in women in the age group of 35- 45 years. Of course, this does not mean that they cannot occur earlier or later in life. The factors that usually play an important role in their occurrence are age, obesity, hypertension, low vitamin D levels, as well as childlessness. In addition, women with a family history of fibroids are twice as likely to develop them.
Most of the time a woman who has fibroids is not aware of it and this is because she has no symptoms. Of course, when fibroids do cause symptoms, these can include heavy bleeding during menstruation, bleeding and pain in between two menstrual periods, low abdominal weight, frequent urination, pain during sexual intercourse and fertility problems.
Diagnosis of fibroids
The diagnosis of fibroids is usually made through the classic gynecological examination, during which the specialist doctor examines the uterus and detects any swollen areas. In addition, lower abdominal ultrasound can be used to assess the number, size and location of fibroids in the uterus. In cases of multiple fibroids that require surgical treatment, it is recommended to use pelvic MRI for more detailed mapping.
Conservative treatments
Conservative treatments are an option for women with small or asymptomatic fibroids. Conservative methods do not treat Fibroids, but they can provide relief from symptoms and/or reduce their size.
Some of the conservative treatments include giving light painkillers for period pains, using hormones and taking certain contraceptives. It is important to note that conservative methods cannot prevent new fibroids from forming.
Surgical interventions
If there are severe symptoms or the fibroids are large and cause problems, then surgical treatment is recommended for their removal. Surgical options include fibromyomectomy, embolization of the uterine artery (EMA), where particles cut off the blood flow to the fibroid causing it to shrink, ultrasound surgery via MRI and finally hysterectomy, the removal of the uterus. Hysterectomy is usually recommended for older women who have already had children.
The vast majority of fibromyomectomies, as well as hysterectomies, are performed laparoscopically, with a very fast recovery. In cases of submucosal fibroids, hysteroscopic removal is indicated.
Tips for the treatment of fibroids
When choosing treatment for fibroids, it is important to take into account the woman's age, her general health, the presence and severity of symptoms, the size and type of fibroids, and the woman's desire to have children in the future.
In cases of small and asymptomatic fibroids, usually no treatment is required, except for periodic monitoring by the gynaecologist with ultrasound. However, in cases of large, fast-growing fibroids that are causing problems, surgery is an option to be considered.
Conclusions
Treatment of uterine fibroids depends on many factors, such as age, general health and the woman's preferences. Although conservative methods can provide symptom relief and reduce the size of fibroids, surgery is often necessary to remove large or problematic fibroids. Women experiencing this problem should consult with their gynecologist to identify the best treatment option for their case. With proper treatment, women can regain their health and wellness.
