Laparoscopy is the examination of the abdominal and pelvic organs using a special endoscope (laparoscope) that is inserted into the abdomen through a small incision just below the navel. The laparoscope is equipped with a light source to illuminate the inside of the abdominal cavity. This procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia.
The optical lenses of the laparoscope are connected to a video camera, allowing the surgeon to view the findings on a monitor. There is also the possibility of taking photographs or recording the entire procedure on video or DVD.
Many surgical procedures can be performed laparoscopically, thus avoiding the need for opening the abdomen (a procedure known as laparotomy). Laparoscopy is carried out by surgeons who have undergone appropriate training and possess the necessary skills for this type of operation. Two or three additional small incisions in the abdomen may be required for the insertion of surgical instruments needed to perform the procedure.
Gynecological procedures that can be performed laparoscopically: