It is common, as it occurs at some point in the lives of most women. Pelvic pain is often caused by the normal function of the reproductive organs. For example, many women who ovulate experience pain of varying intensity during menstruation. This pain is often described as “physiological,” provided that no pathological condition is present.
The pelvis is a complex area containing the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, bladder, and part of the lower bowel. Nearby is also the appendix. In addition, pain originating from the kidneys, muscles, or the abdominal wall may be referred to the pelvis. Common gynaecological causes of pelvic pain include:
- ectopic pregnancy
- endometriosis
- fibroids
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- ovarian cysts
The clinical history will raise suspicion for some of these conditions, and the diagnosis will be made through physical examination, which includes abdominal, pelvic, and sometimes rectal examination.
Diagnostic investigation may also include blood tests, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and laparoscopy.
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