Biophysical Profile

The biophysical profile is a prenatal test used to assess the fetus's well-being. The test combines fetal heart rate monitoring (NST – Non-Stress Test) and ultrasound evaluation of the fetus by assessing:

• The amount of amniotic fluid
• Accelerations in fetal heart rate
• Placental morphology – maturation
• Fetal “breathing” movements
• Fetal muscle tone
• Fetal gross body movements

Each parameter is scored 2 points if normal and 0 points if abnormal. The total score reflects the fetus's intrauterine condition. The maximum possible score is 12, and the minimum is 0.

After scoring each parameter individually, the points are summed to obtain the final score. Thus, a total score:

• Greater than or equal to 10 is considered normal.
• Between 4–6 indicates that the fetus is experiencing a degree of hypoxia, and delivery is usually scheduled within 7–10 days.
• Less than 4 is an indication for immediate delivery.

A biophysical profile is used to assess and monitor the health of the fetus. The goal of a biophysical profile is to prevent pregnancy loss and to detect low oxygen supply to the fetus (fetal hypoxia) early enough so that the baby can be delivered without sustaining permanent damage.

A biophysical profile is performed more often when there is an increased risk of complications that could lead to pregnancy problems or preterm birth.